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Abstract
July 2007, Vol. 78, No. 7, Pages 1218-1228
, DOI 10.1902/jop.2007.060269
(doi:10.1902/jop.2007.060269)
The Long-Term Effect of a Mouthrinse Containing Essential Oils on Dental Plaque and Gingivitis: A Systematic Review Judith E. Stoeken,* Spiros Paraskevas,* and Godefridus A. van der Weijden**Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Correspondence: Dr. G.A. van der Weijden, Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Fax: 31-20-51-88-512; e-mail: ga.vd.weijden@acta.nl. Background: The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the effects of a mouthrinse containing essential oils (EO) on plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation. Methods: The MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to and including December 2006 to identify appropriate studies. The primary outcome measure was gingivitis. Secondary parameters were plaque and, when reported, staining. Results: Independent screening of titles and abstracts of 566 papers resulted in 11 publications that met the criteria of eligibility. In all studies, EO was used as an adjunct to regular daily toothbrushing. A statistically significant reduction in overall gingivitis was noted compared to the control (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.46 to −0.19, P <0.00001; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I2 = 96.7%). For interproximal sites the use of the test mouthrinse resulted in significantly more gingivitis reduction compared to control mouthrinse (WMD: −0.29, 95% CI: −0.48 to −0.11, P = 0.002; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I2 = 95.18%), whereas no differences were observed compared to dental floss. With respect to plaque scores, EO produced significant overall reductions in plaque (WMD: −0.83, 95% CI: −1.13 to −0.53, P <0.00001; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I2 = 96.1%). Separate analysis for interproximal areas revealed that EO resulted in more pronounced plaque drops compared to the control mouthrinse (WMD: −1.02, 95% CI: −1.44 to −0.60, P <0.00001; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I2 = 96.1%) or the use of floss (WMD: −0.75, 95% CI: −1.15 to −0.363, P <0.0002; test for heterogeneity: P <0.0002, I2 = 93.0%). Most studies agreed that EO did not produce more staining than the control products. Conclusion: When used as an adjunct to unsupervised oral hygiene, EO provides an additional benefit with regard to plaque and gingivitis reduction as compared to a placebo or control. KEYWORDS: Essential oils, gingivitis, mouthrinse, plaque, systematic review Cited byHafiz Ghulam Murtaza Saleem, Christine Ann Seers, Anjum Nasim Sabri and Eric Charles Reynolds. (2016) Dental plaque bacteria with reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine are multidrug resistant. BMC Microbiology 16:1. Online publication date: 15-Sep-2016. CrossRef Marta Escribano, Elena Figuero, Conchita Martín, Aurelio Tobías, Jorge Serrano, Silvia Roldán and David Herrera. (2016) Efficacy of adjunctive anti-plaque chemical agents: a systematic review and network meta-analyses of the Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein plaque index. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. Online publication date: 10-Oct-2016. CrossRef Alex Nogueira Haas, Tassiane Panta Wagner, Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes Muniz, Tiago Fiorini, Juliano Cavagni and Roger Keller Celeste. (2016) Essential oils-containing mouthwashes for gingivitis and plaque: Meta-analyses and meta-regression. Journal of Dentistry. Online publication date: 1-Sep-2016. CrossRef Kouki Yoshikawa, Jin Sekino, Kentaro Imamura, Koki Ota, Daichi Kita and Atsushi Saito. (2016) In vitro
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Azadirachta indica
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